Gas-turbine.



J. DIANOVSZKY.

GAS Turg'lNE. APPLICATION PILED\OV.15,'1913.

Patented Aug. 10, 1915.

2 sHETs-SHET 1.

J. DIANOVSZKY.

GAS TURBINE.

APPUcATioN msn Nov. 15. 1913.

Patented Aug. 10, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ff itat/fri i mi lilla elasthan JQHN DltNQVSZKY, 01T FSQIC, NEW''ElSE'", ASSGNR., BY BIRECT ANI@ MESUE ASSEGNMENTS, "2".'0 D. S. YV.MANUEAGTURNG ANB TRABING CRPORATON, OE' NEVI* YORK, N. Y., A GQRPORATXGNU2? NEW "YORK,

am mmm Specicaton or Letters atent.

Patented Einw., 3W,

Application med November 1MB. Serial No. 801,105.

To all 'whom if; may concern Beit known that l', .lons Dmxovsznr, acitizen ot the wUnited States, residing at llassaic. Passaic county, NewJersey, have invented a new and useful improvement in (las-'l`urbines,of which the following isa full. clear, and exact. description.

My invention relates to improvements in ras turbines, that is turbineswhich operate by the explosion ot' gaseous tuoi, or by conipressed airor other fluid pressure, and the object of my invention is to produce avery simple and ctlicient machine in which the cX- plodod charge isadmitted near the center of the machine and on the surface of the rotor,and then permitted to escape toward both ends of the machine so that itwill operate by impact and expansively on a series of turbine blades,and thus impart rotary motion to the rotor, although the intake may beat the ends and the exhaust in the center, or the inta ke at one end andthe exhaust at the other. The first two arrangements above noted cause abalanced pressure, as the gases will be expanding in opposite directionfrom the center toward the blades, thus eliminating end friction.

Another important feature of my invention is that l have a hollow rotor,and provide for driving a current of air or other cooling fluid throughthe rotor, thus rapidly cooling the machine so that water-jaelteting isnot necessary, although the outer cylinder can be jacketed in the usualWay if desired.

ln providing for the expansion4 of gases and the intake of the machine,il arrange one or more fuel explosion chambers on the ci@ terior of themachine, and have these eon- .neet with ports in the central chamber onthe exterior of the rotor, so that the ex- )loded gases from theexterior chamber will lie conducted to the inner chamber and from thenceto the blades.

Reference is to be had to the accoznpany ing drawings forming a part ofthis specification, in which similar reference characters indicatecorresponding; parts in all the views. v

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the machine embodying' myinvention. Fig. 2 is a cross i Zion on the line 22 of Fig. l., Fig. 3 isan and view of the plate and frame I these chambers.

covering the rotor end. Fig. l is a view ing fluid can pass through it,and is formed of thc outer shell or cylinder 13, the inner la whichreceives the shaft l5 of the turbine, and the ribs lwvhich connect themembers 13 and 1i, and serve to brace the rotor. y

Spaced apart around the middle portion of the machine are the expansionor com bustion chambers 17, which can be supplied in any usual way withexplosive charges, and there can be any desired number ol' They connectthrough port-s 1S with the inner chamber 21 presently rcferred to, andthe passage through the port 1S is controlled by a flap valve 19, whichcan be backed by a spring 2d Obviously any suitable valve can besubstituted for the valve 19, and the charge can be supplied to thechamber l? in any usual or preferred manner. The inner or distributingchamber 2l connects as stated with the chamber 17, and is formed betweenthe inner grooved ring 22 which fits around the middle portion of therotor and an outer ringar 225, these rings being shown best at thebottom ot Fig. l. lt will be seen that by changing the sizes of theserings, that is the thickness ot' them, the size of thc chamber can bcmade as de sircd.

From the chamber 21 the expanding gases pass toward the ends of themachine through the turbine blades, and so' give motion to the rotor.These turbine blades can be or' any usual hind, but l prefer the type ofblade and ring shown in my application Jfor Letters Patent or' the nitcdStates No. 778,627, tiled July 12, i913. The general arrangement isshown best in Fig. l. Next the cylinder il are a series of lined rings24;. carrying dellccting blades 25, and these rings are spaced apartbythe spacing rin s 26. The several rings 24 and 26 are hslgd snuglytogether by the ring :nuts 27 at theA viously the fan can be arranged atone end ends of the cylinder l1, and it will be seen Ithat thisarrangement provides for tightening the rings, and-,at the same timeenables easy access to be had to them in case repairs are necessary. Onthe rotor are a series of running rings 28 havingblades 29, and theseare spaced apart by spacing rings 30, a series of spacing and runningrings being held together by nuts 31 at the ends of the rotor, whichfasten the several rings in place. The blades 25 deflect the gasesagainst the blades 29 of the rotor rings, so that motion is imparted tothe rotor, and by reference to Fig. 1 it will be seen that the .bladesgrow larger, that is longer, toward the ends of the turbine, to providefor the expansion of gases. It will be seen that this arrangement makesa very simple construction in which the several parts Yare readilyaccessible, and in which the rings caxrbe nicely centered and securelyheld. lWhen the gases reach the ends of the machine they are expanded tosuch an extent that they have no appreciable pressure, and

the exhausted gases are discharged in the channels 32 of the end/plates33 which are `secured to the ends ofthe turbine, and can be fastened inanyc'onvenent manner. A good Way is to provide flanges 34 `on the plates33 which meet langes 35 on the cylinder 10, and the two flanges arefastened t0- gether by --bolts 36. The exhausted gases pass down and outthrough ports 33hin the legs of the casing.

To provide against an leakage of gases, the ,plates 33 are provided withlips 37 which enter corresponding recesses in the nuts 31, and theplates also have inner lugs 38 which abut with corresponding shoulders-89 on the rings 40 which arer formed on the plates 39,and these aresecured to the ends of the rotor. The plates 39a have openings f eltherethrough, and are provided with fan etti blades 42 adjacent to theopenings, so that when the rotor revolves, a current of air is drawnrapidly through the rotor and serves to cool the machine. I have shownplates 39a and corresponding fans at each end of the machine so as toprovide for the air current in case the engine is reversed,vbut obarrangement for connecting the plates 33 carrying theexhaust to thechannels is such as to prevent leakage of exhausted gases, especially asthey Will carry very little pressure.

l. A gas turbine comprising a rotor, a hollow cylinder inclosing therotor and spaced apart therefrom, banks of turbine blades operativelyconnected With the rotor and cylinder, 'ring nuts arranged at the endsof the rotor and cylinder and connecting with said rotor and cylinderrespectively to hold the blades in place, end, plates having exhaustchannels therein, said end plates being connected to the cylinder androtor and havingy annular lips entering corresponding recesses on therotor nuts, a distributing chamber arranged Within the oyly inder andadapted to discharge directly against the adjacent turbine blades, andan exterior explosion chamber opening di rectly into the distributingchamber.

2. A gas turbine comprising a rotor, a cylinder spaced apart from therotor, banks of turbine blades operatively connected With the rotor andcylinder, means for directing gases directly against the blades, platesat the ends 4of the cylinder and rotor having exhaust channels to carryaway-.the exploded gases from the blades, ring nuts connectedrespectively to the end `portions of: the cylinder and rotor to hold theblades in place, annular lips on the end plates to tit correspondingrecesses on the rotor ring nut, an

annular shoulder on each of the end plates,

and flanges connected tothe rotor and overlapping the aforesaid.shoulders on the end

